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土(Tu)壤(Rang)环(Huan)境(Jing)的(De)质(Zhi)量(Liang)三(San)方(Fang)检(Jian)测(Ce)应(Ying)该(Gai)怎(Zen)么(Me)做(Zuo)
2019-12-20

 (?) (?)土(Tu)壤(Rang)环(Huan)境(Jing)的(De)质(Zhi)量(Liang)检(Jian)测(Ce)应(Ying)该(Gai)怎(Zen)么(Me)做(Zuo),(?)具(Ju)体(Ti)的(De)检(Jian)测(Ce)细(Xi)节(Jie)环(Huan)境(Jing)三(San)方(Fang)检(Jian)测(Ce)公(Gong)司(Si)在(Zai)下(Xia)面(Mian)给(Gei)大(Da)家(Jia)详(Xiang)细(Xi)的(De)介(Jie)绍(Shao)一(Yi)下(Xia)。(?)

土(Tu)壤(Rang)环(Huan)境(Jing)的(De)质(Zhi)量(Liang)三(San)方(Fang)检(Jian)测(Ce)应(Ying)该(Gai)怎(Zen)么(Me)做(Zuo)

 (?) (?)在(Zai)当(Dang)前(Qian)国(Guo)家(Jia)土(Tu)壤(Rang)环(Huan)境(Jing)质(Zhi)量(Liang)监(Jian)测(Ce)网(Wang)络(Luo)全(Quan)面(Mian)铺(Pu)开(Kai)的(De)大(Da)背(Bei)景(Jing)下(Xia),(?)土(Tu)壤(Rang)环(Huan)境(Jing)质(Zhi)量(Liang)监(Jian)测(Ce)须(Xu)严(Yan)格(Ge)按(An)照(Zhao)相(Xiang)关(Guan)技(Ji)术(Shu)规(Gui)范(Fan)和(He)标(Biao)准(Zhun)规(Gui)定(Ding)实(Shi)施(Shi)全(Quan)过(Guo)程(Cheng)质(Zhi)量(Liang)控(Kong)制(Zhi),(?)做(Zuo)好(Hao)现(Xian)场(Chang)布(Bu)点(Dian)采(Cai)样(Yang)、(?)运(Yun)输(Shu)流(Liu)转(Zhuan)、(?)制(Zhi)样(Yang)保(Bao)存(Cun)、(?)实(Shi)验(Yan)室(Shi)分(Fen)析(Xi)及(Ji)数(Shu)据(Ju)处(Chu)理(Li)审(Shen)核(He)的(De)质(Zhi)量(Liang)控(Kong)制(Zhi)工(Gong)作(Zuo)。(?)加(Jia)强(Qiang)监(Jian)测(Ce)人(Ren)员(Yuan)的(De)技(Ji)术(Shu)培(Pei)训(Xun)和(He)监(Jian)督(Du),(?)坚(Jian)持(Chi)监(Jian)测(Ce)人(Ren)员(Yuan)持(Chi)证(Zheng)上(Shang)岗(Gang);使(Shi)用(Yong)符(Fu)合(He)要(Yao)求(Qiu)的(De)仪(Yi)器(Qi)设(She)备(Bei)并(Bing)定(Ding)期(Qi)进(Jin)行(Xing)检(Jian)定(Ding)或(Huo)校(Xiao)准(Zhun),(?)必(Bi)要(Yao)时(Shi)进(Jin)行(Xing)期(Qi)间(Jian)核(He)查(Cha);严(Yan)格(Ge)对(Dui)报(Bao)告(Gao)质(Zhi)量(Liang)把(Ba)关(Guan)。(?)让(Rang)具(Ju)有(You)代(Dai)表(Biao)性(Xing)、(?)客(Ke)观(Guan)性(Xing)、(?)准(Zhun)确(Que)性(Xing)的(De)监(Jian)测(Ce)数(Shu)据(Ju),(?)为(Wei)政(Zheng)策(Ce)制(Zhi)定(Ding)、(?)技(Ji)术(Shu)研(Yan)究(Jiu)提(Ti)供(Gong)基(Ji)础(Chu)数(Shu)据(Ju)支(Zhi)撑(Cheng),(?)更(Geng)好(Hao)地(Di)为(Wei)土(Tu)壤(Rang)保(Bao)护(Hu)和(He)污(Wu)染(Ran)防(Fang)治(Zhi)提(Ti)供(Gong)技(Ji)术(Shu)支(Zhi)持(Chi)。(?)
一(Yi)、(?)样(Yang)品(Pin)采(Cai)集(Ji)、(?)运(Yun)输(Shu)流(Liu)转(Zhuan)和(He)制(Zhi)备(Bei)过(Guo)程(Cheng)的(De)质(Zhi)量(Liang)控(Kong)制(Zhi)
1.1样(Yang)品(Pin)采(Cai)集(Ji)和(He)运(Yun)输(Shu)流(Liu)转(Zhuan)的(De)质(Zhi)量(Liang)保(Bao)证(Zheng)
 (?) (?)土(Tu)壤(Rang)样(Yang)品(Pin)的(De)采(Cai)集(Ji)方(Fang)法(Fa)对(Dui)监(Jian)测(Ce)结(Jie)果(Guo)影(Ying)响(Xiang)很(Hen)大(Da),(?)采(Cai)样(Yang)造(Zao)成(Cheng)的(De)误(Wu)差(Cha)可(Ke)能(Neng)比(Bi)分(Fen)析(Xi)测(Ce)试(Shi)的(De)误(Wu)差(Cha)大(Da)。(?)土(Tu)壤(Rang)环(Huan)境(Jing)监(Jian)测(Ce)的(De)布(Bu)点(Dian)、(?)采(Cai)样(Yang)需(Xu)严(Yan)格(Ge)按(An)照(Zhao)HJ/T 166-2004《(?)土(Tu)壤(Rang)环(Huan)境(Jing)监(Jian)测(Ce)技(Ji)术(Shu)规(Gui)范(Fan)》(?)中(Zhong)的(De)相(Xiang)关(Guan)规(Gui)定(Ding)进(Jin)行(Xing)。(?)
 (?) (?)点(Dian)位(Wei)布(Bu)设(She):(?)为(Wei)使(Shi)所(Suo)采(Cai)集(Ji)的(De)样(Yang)品(Pin)具(Ju)有(You)同(Tong)等(Deng)代(Dai)表(Biao)性(Xing),(?)布(Bu)点(Dian)应(Ying)遵(Zun)循(Xun)“(?)随(Sui)机(Ji)”(?)和(He)“(?)等(Deng)量(Liang)”(?)的(De)原(Yuan)则(Ze)。(?)布(Bu)点(Dian)方(Fang)法(Fa)有(You)简(Jian)单(Dan)随(Sui)机(Ji)、(?)分(Fen)块(Kuai)随(Sui)机(Ji)和(He)系(Xi)统(Tong)随(Sui)机(Ji)三(San)种(Zhong);基(Ji)础(Chu)样(Yang)品(Pin)数(Shu)量(Liang)可(Ke)由(You)均(Jun)方(Fang)差(Cha)和(He)绝(Jue)对(Dui)偏(Pian)差(Cha)、(?)变(Bian)异(Yi)系(Xi)数(Shu)和(He)相(Xiang)对(Dui)偏(Pian)差(Cha)计(Ji)算(Suan)得(De)出(Chu);布(Bu)点(Dian)数(Shu)量(Liang)要(Yao)能(Neng)满(Man)足(Zu)样(Yang)本(Ben)容(Rong)量(Liang)的(De)基(Ji)本(Ben)要(Yao)求(Qiu)。(?)一(Yi)般(Ban)要(Yao)求(Qiu)每(Mei)个(Ge)监(Jian)测(Ce)单(Dan)元(Yuan)最(Zui)少(Shao)设(She)3个(Ge)点(Dian),(?)实(Shi)际(Ji)工(Gong)作(Zuo)中(Zhong)还(Huan)要(Yao)根(Gen)据(Ju)调(Diao)查(Cha)目(Mu)的(De)、(?)调(Diao)查(Cha)精(Jing)度(Du)和(He)调(Diao)查(Cha)区(Qu)域(Yu)环(Huan)境(Jing)状(Zhuang)况(Kuang)等(Deng)因(Yin)素(Su)来(Lai)确(Que)定(Ding)。(?)样(Yang)品(Pin)采(Cai)集(Ji):(?)样(Yang)品(Pin)采(Cai)集(Ji)通(Tong)常(Chang)按(An)3个(Ge)阶(Jie)段(Duan)进(Jin)行(Xing),(?)即(Ji)前(Qian)期(Qi)采(Cai)样(Yang)、(?)正(Zheng)式(Shi)采(Cai)样(Yang)和(He)补(Bu)充(Chong)采(Cai)样(Yang),(?)面(Mian)积(Ji)较(Jiao)小(Xiao)的(De)土(Tu)壤(Rang)污(Wu)染(Ran)调(Diao)查(Cha)和(He)突(Tu)发(Fa)性(Xing)污(Wu)染(Ran)事(Shi)故(Gu)调(Diao)查(Cha)可(Ke)直(Zhi)接(Jie)采(Cai)样(Yang)。(?)
 (?) (?)区(Qu)域(Yu)环(Huan)境(Jing)背(Bei)景(Jing)土(Tu)壤(Rang)采(Cai)样(Yang)、(?)农(Nong)田(Tian)土(Tu)壤(Rang)采(Cai)样(Yang)、(?)建(Jian)设(She)项(Xiang)目(Mu)土(Tu)壤(Rang)环(Huan)境(Jing)评(Ping)价(Jia)监(Jian)测(Ce)采(Cai)样(Yang)、(?)城(Cheng)市(Shi)土(Tu)壤(Rang)采(Cai)样(Yang)、(?)污(Wu)染(Ran)事(Shi)故(Gu)监(Jian)测(Ce)土(Tu)壤(Rang)采(Cai)样(Yang),(?)不(Bu)同(Tong)的(De)类(Lei)型(Xing)有(You)不(Bu)同(Tong)的(De)特(Te)点(Dian)及(Ji)方(Fang)式(Shi),(?)需(Xu)按(An)照(Zhao)相(Xiang)应(Ying)的(De)规(Gui)定(Ding)要(Yao)求(Qiu)进(Jin)行(Xing)作(Zuo)业(Ye)。(?)
 (?) (?)运(Yun)输(Shu)流(Liu)转(Zhuan):(?)在(Zai)样(Yang)品(Pin)采(Cai)集(Ji)现(Xian)场(Chang)需(Xu)认(Ren)真(Zhen)填(Tian)写(Xie)采(Cai)样(Yang)记(Ji)录(Lu)、(?)样(Yang)品(Pin)标(Biao)签(Qian)、(?)样(Yang)品(Pin)信(Xin)息(Xi)登(Deng)记(Ji)表(Biao),(?)与(Yu)样(Yang)品(Pin)逐(Zhu)一(Yi)核(He)对(Dui)无(Wu)误(Wu)后(Hou)把(Ba)样(Yang)品(Pin)分(Fen)类(Lei)装(Zhuang)箱(Xiang),(?)并(Bing)在(Zai)运(Yun)输(Shu)过(Guo)程(Cheng)中(Zhong)严(Yan)防(Fang)样(Yang)品(Pin)损(Sun)失(Shi)、(?)混(Hun)淆(Xiao)和(He)玷(Dian)污(Wu)。(?)样(Yang)品(Pin)由(You)专(Zhuan)人(Ren)送(Song)到(Dao)实(Shi)验(Yan)室(Shi)后(Hou),(?)送(Song)样(Yang)人(Ren)和(He)接(Jie)样(Yang)人(Ren)应(Ying)同(Tong)时(Shi)清(Qing)点(Dian)及(Ji)核(He)实(Shi)样(Yang)品(Pin)信(Xin)息(Xi),(?)在(Zai)样(Yang)品(Pin)交(Jiao)接(Jie)单(Dan)上(Shang)签(Qian)字(Zi)确(Que)认(Ren),(?)双(Shuang)方(Fang)各(Ge)存(Cun)一(Yi)份(Fen)交(Jiao)接(Jie)单(Dan)备(Bei)查(Cha)。(?)
1.2 样(Yang)品(Pin)制(Zhi)备(Bei)和(He)保(Bao)存(Cun)的(De)质(Zhi)量(Liang)保(Bao)证(Zheng)
 (?) (?)样(Yang)品(Pin)制(Zhi)备(Bei):(?)实(Shi)验(Yan)室(Shi)需(Xu)设(She)风(Feng)干(Gan)室(Shi)和(He)磨(Mo)样(Yang)室(Shi),(?)风(Feng)干(Gan)室(Shi)应(Ying)通(Tong)风(Feng)良(Liang)好(Hao)、(?)整(Zheng)洁(Jie)、(?)无(Wu)尘(Chen)、(?)无(Wu)易(Yi)挥(Hui)发(Fa)性(Xing)化(Hua)学(Xue)物(Wu)质(Zhi),(?)并(Bing)避(Bi)免(Mian)阳(Yang)光(Guang)直(Zhi)射(She)。(?)制(Zhi)样(Yang)人(Ren)员(Yuan)与(Yu)样(Yang)品(Pin)管(Guan)理(Li)员(Yuan)同(Tong)时(Shi)清(Qing)点(Dian)核(He)实(Shi)、(?)交(Jiao)接(Jie)样(Yang)品(Pin),(?)在(Zai)样(Yang)品(Pin)交(Jiao)接(Jie)单(Dan)上(Shang)签(Qian)字(Zi)确(Que)认(Ren)。(?)还(Huan)应(Ying)具(Ju)备(Bei)相(Xiang)应(Ying)的(De)风(Feng)干(Gan)、(?)粗(Cu)粉(Fen)碎(Sui)、(?)磨(Mo)样(Yang)、(?)过(Guo)筛(Shai)、(?)装(Zhuang)样(Yang)所(Suo)需(Xu)工(Gong)具(Ju)及(Ji)容(Rong)器(Qi),(?)制(Zhi)样(Yang)操(Cao)作(Zuo)要(Yao)符(Fu)合(He)规(Gui)范(Fan)要(Yao)求(Qiu),(?)并(Bing)严(Yan)格(Ge)防(Fang)止(Zhi)标(Biao)签(Qian)和(He)样(Yang)品(Pin)混(Hun)错(Cuo),(?)防(Fang)止(Zhi)制(Zhi)样(Yang)工(Gong)具(Ju)造(Zao)成(Cheng)交(Jiao)叉(Cha)污(Wu)染(Ran)。(?)
 (?) (?)样(Yang)品(Pin)保(Bao)存(Cun):(?)样(Yang)品(Pin)保(Bao)存(Cun)方(Fang)法(Fa)是(Shi)否(Fou)得(De)当(Dang)、(?)保(Bao)存(Cun)时(Shi)间(Jian)是(Shi)否(Fou)符(Fu)合(He)要(Yao)求(Qiu)都(Du)会(Hui)影(Ying)响(Xiang)样(Yang)品(Pin)测(Ce)试(Shi)结(Jie)果(Guo)。(?)易(Yi)分(Fen)解(Jie)或(Huo)易(Yi)挥(Hui)发(Fa)等(Deng)不(Bu)稳(Wen)定(Ding)组(Zu)分(Fen)的(De)样(Yang)品(Pin)应(Ying)低(Di)温(Wen)保(Bao)存(Cun)运(Yun)输(Shu),(?)尽(Jin)快(Kuai)送(Song)到(Dao)实(Shi)验(Yan)室(Shi)分(Fen)析(Xi)测(Ce)试(Shi);需(Xu)要(Yao)新(Xin)鲜(Xian)样(Yang)品(Pin)的(De)土(Tu)样(Yang)用(Yong)可(Ke)密(Mi)封(Feng)的(De)聚(Ju)乙(Yi)烯(Xi)或(Huo)玻(Bo)璃(Li)容(Rong)器(Qi)在(Zai)4℃(?)以(Yi)下(Xia)避(Bi)光(Guang)保(Bao)存(Cun),(?)应(Ying)使(Shi)土(Tu)样(Yang)充(Chong)满(Man)容(Rong)器(Qi),(?)在(Zai)样(Yang)品(Pin)有(You)效(Xiao)保(Bao)存(Cun)时(Shi)间(Jian)内(Nei)完(Wan)成(Cheng)检(Jian)测(Ce)。(?)
 (?) (?)挥(Hui)发(Fa)性(Xing)、(?)半(Ban)挥(Hui)发(Fa)性(Xing)、(?)难(Nan)挥(Hui)发(Fa)性(Xing)有(You)机(Ji)物(Wu)的(De)测(Ce)试(Shi)样(Yang)品(Pin)用(Yong)棕(Zong)色(Se)玻(Bo)璃(Li)瓶(Ping)保(Bao)存(Cun),(?)可(Ke)保(Bao)存(Cun)的(De)时(Shi)间(Jian)分(Fen)别(Bie)为(Wei)7 d、(?)10 d、(?)14 d。(?)砷(Shen)、(?)金(Jin)属(Shu)(汞(Gong)和(He)六(Liu)价(Jia)铬(Ge)除(Chu)外(Wai))、(?)氰(Qing)化(Hua)物(Wu)测(Ce)试(Shi)样(Yang)品(Pin)可(Ke)用(Yong)聚(Ju)乙(Yi)烯(Xi)或(Huo)玻(Bo)璃(Li)瓶(Ping)保(Bao)存(Cun),(?)有(You)效(Xiao)保(Bao)存(Cun)时(Shi)间(Jian)为(Wei)180d,(?)六(Liu)价(Jia)铬(Ge)、(?)氰(Qing)化(Hua)物(Wu)样(Yang)品(Pin)有(You)效(Xiao)保(Bao)存(Cun)时(Shi)间(Jian)分(Fen)别(Bie)仅(Jin)有(You)1 d、(?)2 d,(?)汞(Gong)待(Dai)测(Ce)样(Yang)品(Pin)需(Xu)用(Yong)玻(Bo)璃(Li)瓶(Ping)装(Zhuang),(?)可(Ke)保(Bao)存(Cun)28 d。(?)
 (?) (?)预(Yu)留(Liu)样(Yang)品(Pin)在(Zai)样(Yang)品(Pin)库(Ku)中(Zhong)造(Zao)册(Ce)保(Bao)存(Cun),(?)一(Yi)般(Ban)保(Bao)留(Liu)2年(Nian);分(Fen)析(Xi)取(Qu)用(Yong)后(Hou)的(De)剩(Sheng)余(Yu)样(Yang)品(Pin)也(Ye)移(Yi)交(Jiao)样(Yang)品(Pin)库(Ku)保(Bao)存(Cun),(?)一(Yi)般(Ban)保(Bao)留(Liu)半(Ban)年(Nian)。(?)土(Tu)壤(Rang)样(Yang)品(Pin)的(De)入(Ru)库(Ku)、(?)领(Ling)用(Yong)、(?)清(Qing)理(Li)均(Jun)需(Xu)进(Jin)行(Xing)登(Deng)记(Ji)。(?)
二(?)、(?)实(Shi)验(Yan)室(Shi)分(Fen)析(Xi)质(Zhi)量(Liang)控(Kong)制(Zhi)
2.1 实(Shi)验(Yan)室(Shi)内(Nei)部(Bu)质(Zhi)量(Liang)控(Kong)制(Zhi)
 (?) (?)实(Shi)验(Yan)室(Shi)内(Nei)部(Bu)质(Zhi)量(Liang)控(Kong)制(Zhi)是(Shi)实(Shi)验(Yan)室(Shi)分(Fen)析(Xi)检(Jian)测(Ce)人(Ren)员(Yuan)采(Cai)取(Qu)措(Cuo)施(Shi)对(Dui)分(Fen)析(Xi)质(Zhi)量(Liang)进(Jin)行(Xing)的(De)自(Zi)我(Wo)控(Kong)制(Zhi),(?)通(Tong)常(Chang)有(You)精(Jing)密(Mi)度(Du)控(Kong)制(Zhi)、(?)准(Zhun)确(Que)度(Du)控(Kong)制(Zhi)以(Yi)及(Ji)检(Jian)测(Ce)过(Guo)程(Cheng)中(Zhong)的(De)干(Gan)扰(Rao)处(Chu)理(Li)。(?)
 (?) (?)精(Jing)密(Mi)度(Du)控(Kong)制(Zhi):(?)精(Jing)密(Mi)度(Du)是(Shi)指(Zhi)使(Shi)用(Yong)特(Te)定(Ding)的(De)分(Fen)析(Xi)程(Cheng)序(Xu)重(Zhong)复(Fu)分(Fen)析(Xi)测(Ce)定(Ding)均(Jun)一(Yi)样(Yang)品(Pin)所(Suo)获(Huo)得(De)测(Ce)定(Ding)值(Zhi)之(Zhi)间(Jian)的(De)一(Yi)致(Zhi)性(Xing)程(Cheng)度(Du)。(?)土(Tu)壤(Rang)环(Huan)境(Jing)监(Jian)测(Ce)中(Zhong),(?)每(Mei)批(Pi)样(Yang)品(Pin)每(Mei)个(Ge)项(Xiang)目(Mu)须(Xu)做(Zuo)20 %平(Ping)行(Xing)样(Yang)品(Pin),(?)样(Yang)品(Pin)数(Shu)少(Shao)于(Yu)5个(Ge)时(Shi)至(Zhi)少(Shao)应(Ying)有(You)1个(Ge)平(Ping)行(Xing)样(Yang),(?)平(Ping)行(Xing)样(Yang)可(Ke)为(Wei)实(Shi)验(Yan)室(Shi)明(Ming)码(Ma)平(Ping)行(Xing)或(Huo)现(Xian)场(Chang)密(Mi)码(Ma)平(Ping)行(Xing)。(?)不(Bu)同(Tong)测(Ce)定(Ding)项(Xiang)目(Mu)的(De)平(Ping)行(Xing)双(Shuang)样(Yang)测(Ce)定(Ding)结(Jie)果(Guo)误(Wu)差(Cha)允(Yun)许(Xu)范(Fan)围(Wei)不(Bu)同(Tong),(?)在(Zai)相(Xiang)应(Ying)允(Yun)许(Xu)误(Wu)差(Cha)范(Fan)围(Wei)之(Zhi)内(Nei)即(Ji)判(Pan)定(Ding)为(Wei)合(He)格(Ge)。(?)若(Ruo)平(Ping)行(Xing)双(Shuang)样(Yang)测(Ce)定(Ding)合(He)格(Ge)率(Lu)低(Di)于(Yu)95 %,(?)则(Ze)应(Ying)对(Dui)当(Dang)批(Pi)样(Yang)品(Pin)重(Zhong)新(Xin)测(Ce)定(Ding),(?)并(Bing)增(Zeng)加(Jia)样(Yang)品(Pin)数(Shu)10 %~20 %的(De)平(Ping)行(Xing)样(Yang),(?)直(Zhi)至(Zhi)平(Ping)行(Xing)双(Shuang)样(Yang)测(Ce)定(Ding)合(He)格(Ge)率(Lu)高(Gao)于(Yu)95 %。(?)
 (?) (?)准(Zhun)确(Que)度(Du)控(Kong)制(Zhi):(?)准(Zhun)确(Que)度(Du)是(Shi)反(Fan)映(Ying)方(Fang)法(Fa)系(Xi)统(Tong)误(Wu)差(Cha)和(He)随(Sui)机(Ji)误(Wu)差(Cha)的(De)综(Zong)合(He)指(Zhi)标(Biao)。(?)准(Zhun)确(Que)度(Du)控(Kong)制(Zhi)可(Ke)通(Tong)过(Guo)使(Shi)用(Yong)标(Biao)准(Zhun)物(Wu)质(Zhi)或(Huo)质(Zhi)控(Kong)样(Yang)品(Pin),(?)或(Huo)通(Tong)过(Guo)测(Ce)定(Ding)加(Jia)标(Biao)回(Hui)收(Shou)率(Lu)进(Jin)行(Xing)控(Kong)制(Zhi)。(?)每(Mei)批(Pi)要(Yao)测(Ce)质(Zhi)控(Kong)平(Ping)行(Xing)双(Shuang)样(Yang),(?)在(Zai)精(Jing)密(Mi)度(Du)合(He)格(Ge)的(De)前(Qian)提(Ti)下(Xia),(?)质(Zhi)控(Kong)样(Yang)测(Ce)定(Ding)值(Zhi)必(Bi)须(Xu)在(Zai)保(Bao)证(Zheng)值(Zhi)(95 %的(De)置(Zhi)信(Xin)水(Shui)平(Ping))范(Fan)围(Wei)内(Nei),(?)否(Fou)则(Ze)本(Ben)批(Pi)样(Yang)品(Pin)需(Xu)重(Zhong)新(Xin)测(Ce)定(Ding)。(?)当(Dang)测(Ce)定(Ding)项(Xiang)目(Mu)无(Wu)标(Biao)准(Zhun)物(Wu)质(Zhi)或(Huo)质(Zhi)控(Kong)样(Yang)品(Pin)时(Shi),(?)可(Ke)通(Tong)过(Guo)加(Jia)标(Biao)回(Hui)收(Shou)实(Shi)验(Yan)来(Lai)确(Que)定(Ding)准(Zhun)确(Que)度(Du)。(?)每(Mei)批(Pi)试(Shi)样(Yang)随(Sui)机(Ji)抽(Chou)取(Qu)10 %~20 %进(Jin)行(Xing)加(Jia)标(Biao)回(Hui)收(Shou)测(Ce)定(Ding),(?)样(Yang)品(Pin)数(Shu)少(Shao)于(Yu)10个(Ge)时(Shi)适(Shi)当(Dang)增(Zeng)加(Jia)加(Jia)标(Biao)率(Lu)。(?)加(Jia)标(Biao)量(Liang)视(Shi)被(Bei)测(Ce)组(Zu)分(Fen)含(Han)量(Liang)而(?)定(Ding),(?)加(Jia)标(Biao)后(Hou)被(Bei)测(Ce)组(Zu)分(Fen)的(De)总(Zong)量(Liang)不(Bu)能(Neng)超(Chao)出(Chu)方(Fang)法(Fa)的(De)测(Ce)定(Ding)上(Shang)限(Xian),(?)加(Jia)标(Biao)体(Ti)积(Ji)不(Bu)超(Chao)过(Guo)原(Yuan)试(Shi)样(Yang)体(Ti)积(Ji)的(De)1 %,(?)否(Fou)则(Ze)应(Ying)进(Jin)行(Xing)体(Ti)积(Ji)校(Xiao)正(Zheng)。(?)加(Jia)标(Biao)回(Hui)收(Shou)率(Lu)应(Ying)在(Zai)允(Yun)许(Xu)范(Fan)围(Wei)内(Nei),(?)当(Dang)加(Jia)标(Biao)回(Hui)收(Shou)合(He)格(Ge)率(Lu)小(Xiao)于(Yu)70 %时(Shi),(?)对(Dui)不(Bu)合(He)格(Ge)者(Zhe)重(Zhong)新(Xin)进(Jin)行(Xing)回(Hui)收(Shou)率(Lu)测(Ce)定(Ding),(?)并(Bing)增(Zeng)加(Jia)10 %~20 %的(De)试(Shi)样(Yang)做(Zuo)加(Jia)标(Biao)回(Hui)收(Shou),(?)直(Zhi)至(Zhi)总(Zong)合(He)格(Ge)率(Lu)大(Da)于(Yu)等(Deng)于(Yu)70 %。(?)土(Tu)壤(Rang)环(Huan)境(Jing)检(Jian)测(Ce)技(Ji)术(Shu)规(Gui)范(Fan)要(Yao)求(Qiu)对(Dui)必(Bi)测(Ce)项(Xiang)目(Mu)做(Zuo)准(Zhun)确(Que)度(Du)质(Zhi)控(Kong)图(Tu),(?)用(Yong)质(Zhi)控(Kong)样(Yang)的(De)保(Bao)证(Zheng)值(Zhi)(X)与(Yu)标(Biao)准(Zhun)偏(Pian)差(Cha)(S),(?)在(Zai)95 %的(De)置(Zhi)信(Xin)水(Shui)平(Ping),(?)以(Yi)X为(Wei)中(Zhong)心(Xin)线(Xian)、(?)X±(?)2S为(Wei)上(Shang)下(Xia)警(Jing)告(Gao)线(Xian)、(?)X±(?)3S为(Wei)上(Shang)下(Xia)控(Kong)制(Zhi)线(Xian)绘(Hui)制(Zhi)质(Zhi)量(Liang)控(Kong)制(Zhi)图(Tu),(?)用(Yong)于(Yu)分(Fen)析(Xi)质(Zhi)量(Liang)的(De)自(Zi)控(Kong),(?)能(Neng)更(Geng)准(Zhun)确(Que)分(Fen)析(Xi)测(Ce)试(Shi)结(Jie)果(Guo)质(Zhi)量(Liang)的(De)可(Ke)信(Xin)度(Du)。(?)
 (?) (?)检(Jian)测(Ce)过(Guo)程(Cheng)中(Zhong)受(Shou)到(Dao)干(Gan)扰(Rao)的(De)处(Chu)理(Li):(?)检(Jian)测(Ce)过(Guo)程(Cheng)中(Zhong)如(Ru)遇(Yu)停(Ting)水(Shui)、(?)停(Ting)电(Dian)、(?)停(Ting)气(Qi)等(Deng)影(Ying)响(Xiang)到(Dao)检(Jian)测(Ce)质(Zhi)量(Liang)的(De)干(Gan)扰(Rao)时(Shi),(?)全(Quan)部(Bu)样(Yang)品(Pin)应(Ying)重(Zhong)新(Xin)测(Ce)定(Ding);仪(Yi)器(Qi)发(Fa)生(Sheng)故(Gu)障(Zhang)时(Shi),(?)用(Yong)同(Tong)等(Deng)级(Ji)且(Qie)能(Neng)满(Man)足(Zu)检(Jian)测(Ce)要(Yao)求(Qiu)的(De)仪(Yi)器(Qi)重(Zhong)新(Xin)测(Ce)定(Ding),(?)无(Wu)备(Bei)用(Yong)仪(Yi)器(Qi)时(Shi),(?)将(Jiang)故(Gu)障(Zhang)仪(Yi)器(Qi)维(Wei)修(Xiu)后(Hou)经(Jing)检(Jian)定(Ding)合(He)格(Ge)再(Zai)重(Zhong)新(Xin)测(Ce)定(Ding)。(?)2.2实(Shi)验(Yan)室(Shi)间(Jian)质(Zhi)量(Liang)控(Kong)制(Zhi)实(Shi)验(Yan)室(Shi)间(Jian)的(De)质(Zhi)量(Liang)控(Kong)制(Zhi)主(Zhu)要(Yao)在(Zai)于(Yu)定(Ding)期(Qi)参(Can)加(Jia)实(Shi)验(Yan)室(Shi)间(Jian)比(Bi)对(Dui)和(He)能(Neng)力(Li)验(Yan)证(Zheng)活(Huo)动(Dong),(?)确(Que)保(Bao)实(Shi)验(Yan)室(Shi)检(Jian)测(Ce)能(Neng)力(Li)和(He)水(Shui)平(Ping),(?)保(Bao)证(Zheng)出(Chu)具(Ju)数(Shu)据(Ju)的(De)可(Ke)靠(Kao)性(Xing)和(He)有(You)效(Xiao)性(Xing)。(?)如(Ru)通(Tong)过(Guo)能(Neng)力(Li)验(Yan)证(Zheng)或(Huo)者(Zhe)机(Ji)构(Gou)间(Jian)比(Bi)对(Dui)发(Fa)现(Xian)某(Mou)项(Xiang)检(Jian)验(Yan)检(Jian)测(Ce)结(Jie)果(Guo)不(Bu)理(Li)想(Xiang)时(Shi),(?)应(Ying)系(Xi)统(Tong)地(Di)分(Fen)析(Xi)原(Yuan)因(Yin),(?)采(Cai)取(Qu)适(Shi)宜(Yi)的(De)纠(Jiu)正(Zheng)措(Cuo)施(Shi),(?)并(Bing)通(Tong)过(Guo)试(Shi)验(Yan)来(Lai)验(Yan)证(Zheng)其(Qi)有(You)效(Xiao)性(Xing)。(?)
三(San)、(?)实(Shi)验(Yan)室(Shi)管(Guan)理(Li)方(Fang)面(Mian)的(De)质(Zhi)量(Liang)控(Kong)制(Zhi)
3.1 监(Jian)测(Ce)人(Ren)员(Yuan)质(Zhi)量(Liang)控(Kong)制(Zhi)
 (?) (?)数(Shu)据(Ju)质(Zhi)量(Liang)由(You)工(Gong)作(Zuo)质(Zhi)量(Liang)来(Lai)保(Bao)证(Zheng),(?)而(?)工(Gong)作(Zuo)质(Zhi)量(Liang)的(De)核(He)心(Xin)在(Zai)于(Yu)人(Ren)员(Yuan)。(?)监(Jian)测(Ce)人(Ren)员(Yuan)是(Shi)土(Tu)壤(Rang)环(Huan)境(Jing)监(Jian)测(Ce)的(De)主(Zhu)要(Yao)实(Shi)施(Shi)者(Zhe),(?)人(Ren)员(Yuan)专(Zhuan)业(Ye)素(Su)质(Zhi)与(Yu)工(Gong)作(Zuo)能(Neng)力(Li)的(De)高(Gao)低(Di)直(Zhi)接(Jie)影(Ying)响(Xiang)监(Jian)测(Ce)质(Zhi)量(Liang)的(De)好(Hao)坏(Huai)。(?)如(Ru)果(Guo)监(Jian)测(Ce)人(Ren)员(Yuan)质(Zhi)量(Liang)控(Kong)制(Zhi)观(Guan)念(Nian)不(Bu)强(Qiang),(?)质(Zhi)量(Liang)意(Yi)识(Shi)不(Bu)足(Zu),(?)在(Zai)实(Shi)施(Shi)监(Jian)测(Ce)的(De)过(Guo)程(Cheng)中(Zhong)易(Yi)出(Chu)现(Xian)散(San)漫(Man)、(?)不(Bu)严(Yan)谨(Jin)和(He)不(Bu)够(Gou)负(Fu)责(Ze)的(De)现(Xian)象(Xiang),(?)而(?)如(Ru)果(Guo)监(Jian)测(Ce)人(Ren)员(Yuan)专(Zhuan)业(Ye)知(Zhi)识(Shi)及(Ji)技(Ji)能(Neng)不(Bu)足(Zu),(?)则(Ze)在(Zai)监(Jian)测(Ce)过(Guo)程(Cheng)中(Zhong)无(Wu)法(Fa)保(Bao)证(Zheng)规(Gui)范(Fan)的(De)操(Cao)作(Zuo),(?)可(Ke)能(Neng)在(Zai)监(Jian)测(Ce)的(De)源(Yuan)头(Tou)即(Ji)采(Cai)样(Yang)过(Guo)程(Cheng)出(Chu)错(Cuo),(?)也(Ye)可(Ke)能(Neng)在(Zai)实(Shi)验(Yan)室(Shi)引(Yin)起(Qi)误(Wu)差(Cha),(?)数(Shu)据(Ju)处(Chu)理(Li)方(Fang)法(Fa)不(Bu)够(Gou)科(Ke)学(Xue)等(Deng),(?)那(Na)么(Me)最(Zui)后(Hou)的(De)监(Jian)测(Ce)结(Jie)果(Guo)很(Hen)可(Ke)能(Neng)会(Hui)与(Yu)实(Shi)际(Ji)情(Qing)况(Kuang)偏(Pian)差(Cha)较(Jiao)大(Da)。(?)因(Yin)此(Ci),(?)加(Jia)强(Qiang)土(Tu)壤(Rang)环(Huan)境(Jing)监(Jian)测(Ce)人(Ren)才(Cai)队(Dui)伍(Wu)建(Jian)设(She)非(Fei)常(Chang)重(Zhong)要(Yao),(?)监(Jian)测(Ce)技(Ji)术(Shu)人(Ren)员(Yuan)应(Ying)全(Quan)部(Bu)实(Shi)现(Xian)持(Chi)证(Zheng)上(Shang)岗(Gang),(?)实(Shi)验(Yan)室(Shi)应(Ying)定(Ding)期(Qi)参(Can)加(Jia)或(Huo)开(Kai)展(Zhan)土(Tu)壤(Rang)环(Huan)境(Jing)监(Jian)测(Ce)技(Ji)术(Shu)人(Ren)员(Yuan)培(Pei)训(Xun),(?)并(Bing)加(Jia)强(Qiang)对(Dui)人(Ren)员(Yuan)专(Zhuan)业(Ye)素(Su)养(Yang)和(He)技(Ji)术(Shu)能(Neng)力(Li)的(De)监(Jian)督(Du),(?)不(Bu)断(Duan)加(Jia)强(Qiang)监(Jian)测(Ce)队(Dui)伍(Wu)和(He)素(Su)质(Zhi)和(He)能(Neng)力(Li)建(Jian)设(She)。(?)
3.2 仪(Yi)器(Qi)设(She)备(Bei)质(Zhi)量(Liang)控(Kong)制(Zhi)
 (?) (?)土(Tu)壤(Rang)环(Huan)境(Jing)监(Jian)测(Ce)的(De)仪(Yi)器(Qi)设(She)备(Bei),(?)包(Bao)括(Kuo)采(Cai)样(Yang)仪(Yi)器(Qi)、(?)实(Shi)验(Yan)室(Shi)分(Fen)析(Xi)仪(Yi)器(Qi)及(Ji)相(Xiang)关(Guan)辅(Fu)助(Zhu)设(She)备(Bei),(?)其(Qi)性(Xing)能(Neng)是(Shi)否(Fou)完(Wan)好(Hao)直(Zhi)接(Jie)影(Ying)响(Xiang)监(Jian)测(Ce)工(Gong)作(Zuo)效(Xiao)率(Lu)和(He)质(Zhi)量(Liang),(?)仪(Yi)器(Qi)设(She)备(Bei)应(Ying)按(An)照(Zhao)正(Zheng)确(Que)的(De)方(Fang)法(Fa)进(Jin)行(Xing)操(Cao)作(Zuo)并(Bing)做(Zuo)好(Hao)日(Ri)常(Chang)的(De)维(Wei)护(Hu)保(Bao)养(Yang),(?)需(Xu)要(Yao)检(Jian)定(Ding)或(Huo)校(Xiao)准(Zhun)的(De)仪(Yi)器(Qi)应(Ying)定(Ding)期(Qi)送(Song)至(Zhi)法(Fa)定(Ding)计(Ji)量(Liang)检(Jian)定(Ding)机(Ji)构(Gou)或(Huo)被(Bei)授(Shou)权(Quan)计(Ji)量(Liang)校(Xiao)准(Zhun)机(Ji)构(Gou)进(Jin)行(Xing)检(Jian)定(Ding)或(Huo)校(Xiao)准(Zhun),(?)确(Que)认(Ren)仪(Yi)器(Qi)技(Ji)术(Shu)性(Xing)能(Neng)满(Man)足(Zu)监(Jian)测(Ce)工(Gong)作(Zuo)要(Yao)求(Qiu),(?)并(Bing)在(Zai)检(Jian)定(Ding)或(Huo)校(Xiao)准(Zhun)有(You)效(Xiao)期(Qi)内(Nei)使(Shi)用(Yong)。(?)对(Dui)有(You)较(Jiao)高(Gao)准(Zhun)确(Que)度(Du)要(Yao)求(Qiu)的(De)关(Guan)键(Jian)仪(Yi)器(Qi),(?)或(Huo)易(Yi)漂(Piao)移(Yi)、(?)易(Yi)老(Lao)化(Hua)、(?)性(Xing)能(Neng)不(Bu)够(Gou)稳(Wen)定(Ding)或(Huo)使(Shi)用(Yong)频(Pin)繁(Fan)的(De)仪(Yi)器(Qi),(?)一(Yi)般(Ban)还(Huan)应(Ying)在(Zai)两(Liang)次(Ci)检(Jian)定(Ding)或(Huo)校(Xiao)准(Zhun)之(Zhi)间(Jian)做(Zuo)期(Qi)间(Jian)核(He)查(Cha),(?)以(Yi)保(Bao)证(Zheng)仪(Yi)器(Qi)的(De)精(Jing)度(Du)和(He)连(Lian)续(Xu)稳(Wen)定(Ding)的(De)运(Yun)行(Xing)。(?)使(Shi)用(Yong)过(Guo)程(Cheng)中(Zhong)出(Chu)现(Xian)可(Ke)疑(Yi)情(Qing)况(Kuang)、(?)使(Shi)用(Yong)环(Huan)境(Jing)条(Tiao)件(Jian)发(Fa)生(Sheng)重(Zhong)大(Da)变(Bian)化(Hua)、(?)维(Wei)修(Xiu)或(Huo)借(Jie)出(Chu)后(Hou)返(Fan)回(Hui)的(De)仪(Yi)器(Qi)也(Ye)应(Ying)及(Ji)时(Shi)进(Jin)行(Xing)核(He)查(Cha)。(?)
3.3 报(Bao)告(Gao)质(Zhi)量(Liang)控(Kong)制(Zhi)
 (?) (?)监(Jian)测(Ce)报(Bao)告(Gao)是(Shi)监(Jian)测(Ce)结(Jie)果(Guo)的(De)最(Zui)终(Zhong)呈(Cheng)现(Xian),(?)为(Wei)确(Que)保(Bao)监(Jian)测(Ce)数(Shu)据(Ju)准(Zhun)确(Que)无(Wu)误(Wu),(?)应(Ying)建(Jian)立(Li)数(Shu)据(Ju)质(Zhi)量(Liang)管(Guan)理(Li)责(Ze)任(Ren)制(Zhi),(?)严(Yan)格(Ge)执(Zhi)行(Xing)三(San)级(Ji)审(Shen)核(He)制(Zhi)度(Du),(?)从(Cong)分(Fen)析(Xi)、(?)审(Shen)核(He)到(Dao)签(Qian)发(Fa)做(Zuo)到(Dao)分(Fen)工(Gong)负(Fu)责(Ze)、(?)层(Ceng)层(Ceng)把(Ba)关(Guan),(?)发(Fa)现(Xian)可(Ke)疑(Yi)数(Shu)据(Ju)或(Huo)疑(Yi)难(Nan)问(Wen)题(Ti),(?)监(Jian)测(Ce)负(Fu)责(Ze)人(Ren)应(Ying)组(Zu)织(Zhi)相(Xiang)关(Guan)人(Ren)员(Yuan)查(Cha)证(Zheng)分(Fen)析(Xi)解(Jie)决(Jue),(?)并(Bing)对(Dui)相(Xiang)关(Guan)数(Shu)据(Ju)进(Jin)行(Xing)追(Zhui)溯(Su),(?)做(Zuo)到(Dao)有(You)疑(Yi)问(Wen)的(De)数(Shu)据(Ju)决(Jue)不(Bu)上(Shang)报(Bao)。(?)此(Ci)外(Wai),(?)应(Ying)重(Zhong)视(Shi)对(Dui)报(Bao)告(Gao)编(Bian)制(Zhi)人(Ren)员(Yuan)的(De)培(Pei)训(Xun)教(Jiao)育(Yu),(?)尽(Jin)可(Ke)能(Neng)避(Bi)免(Mian)报(Bao)告(Gao)编(Bian)制(Zhi)环(Huan)节(Jie)的(De)差(Cha)错(Cuo)。(?)
 (?) (?)以(Yi)上(Shang)就(Jiu)是(Shi)关(Guan)于(Yu)土(Tu)壤(Rang)环(Huan)境(Jing)质(Zhi)量(Liang)的(De)环(Huan)境(Jing)三(San)方(Fang)检(Jian)测(Ce)方(Fang)法(Fa)。(?)
上(Shang)一(Yi)篇(Pian):(?)大(Da)气(Qi)VOCs的(De)监(Jian)测(Ce)方(Fang)法(Fa)的(De)采(Cai)样(Yang)和(He)分(Fen)析(Xi)介(Jie)绍(Shao) (?) (?) (?)下(Xia)一(Yi)篇(Pian):(?)紫(Zi)外(Wai)烟(Yan)气(Qi)分(Fen)析(Xi)仪(Yi)在(Zai)出(Chu)现(Xian)故(Gu)障(Zhang)时(Shi)的(De)处(Chu)理(Li)方(Fang)法(Fa)
 

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